The Capital Order: How Economists Invented Austerity and Paved the Way to Fascism

A Financial Times Best Book of the YearA mustread, with key lessons for the future.Thomas PikettyA groundbreaking examination of austeritys dark intellectual origins.For more than a century, governments facing financial crisis have resorted to the economic policies of austeritycuts to wages, fiscal spending, and public benefitsas a path to solvency. While these policies have been successful in appeasing creditors, theyve had devastating effects on social and economic welfare in countries all over the world. Today, as austerity remains a favored policy among troubled states, an important question remains: What if solvency was never really the goal?In The Capital Order, political economist Clara E. Mattei explores the intellectual origins of austerity to uncover its originating motives: the protection of capitaland indeed capitalismin times of social upheaval from below.Mattei traces modern austerity to its origins in interwar Britain and Italy, revealing how the threat of workingclass power in the years after World War I animated a set of topdown economic policies that elevated owners, smothered workers, and imposed a rigid economic hierarchy across their societies. Where these policies succeeded, relatively speaking, was in their enrichment of certain parties, including employers and foreign trade interests, who accumulated power and capital at the expense of labor. Here, Mattei argues, is where the true value of austerity can be observed: its insulation of entrenched privilege and its elimination of all alternatives to capitalism.Drawing on newly uncovered archival material from Britain and Italy, much of it translated for the first time, The Capital Order offers a damning and essential new account of the rise of austerityand of modern economicsat the levers of contemporary political power.